Compare Ghana (2002) - Norfolk Island (2007)

Compare Ghana (2002) z Norfolk Island (2007)

	Ghana (2002)	Norfolk Island (2007)

Administrative divisions	10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	0-14 years: 40.4% (male 4,116,600; female 4,063,654) 15-64 years: 56.1% (male 5,625,397; female 5,723,786) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 338,352; female 376,365) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 20.2% 15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber	Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry
Airports	12 (2001)	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2002)	-
Area	total: 239,460 sq km land: 230,940 sq km water: 8,520 sq km	total: 34.6 sq km land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Oregon	about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election.	Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.
Birth rate	28.08 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA
Budget	revenues: $1.603 billion expenditures: $1.975 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)	revenues: $4.6 million expenditures: $4.8 million (FY99/00)
Capital	Accra	name: Kingston geographic coordinates: 29 03 S, 167 58 E time difference: UTC+11.5 (16.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north	subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	539 km	32 km
Constitution	new constitution approved 28 April 1992	Norfolk Island Act of 1979, as amended in 2005
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Ghana conventional short form: Ghana former: Gold Coast	conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island conventional short form: Norfolk Island
Currency	cedi (GHC)	-
Death rate	10.31 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA
Debt - external	$5.96 billion (2001 est.)	$NA
Dependency status	-	self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES embassy: 6th and 10th Lanes, 798/1 Osu, Accra mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra telephone: [233] (21) 775-347, 775-348 FAX: [233] (21) 701-813	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Alan J. KYEREMATEN chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520 FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527 consulate(s) general: New York	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$6.9 billion (1999) (1999)	$NA
Economy - overview	Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 36% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Excessively expansionary monetary and fiscal policy prior to the 2000 elections led to accelerating inflation in early 2001. A depressed cocoa market and continued weak growth in non-traditional exports led to disappointing growth in 2001. The late 2002 crisis in Cote d'Ivoire has boosted cocoa prices markedly. It remains to be seen if this portends a long-term shift in the cocoa market. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002.	Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.
Electricity - consumption	5.484 billion kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	422 million kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	400 million kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	5.92 billion kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 30% hydro: 70% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
Environment - current issues	recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation	-
Ethnic groups	black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998)	descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesian
Exchange rates	cedis per US dollar - 7,195 (January 2002), 7,170.76 (2001), 5,455.06 (2000), 2,669.30 (1999), 2,314.15 (1998), 2,050.17 (1997)	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002)
Executive branch	chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 and 28 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004) election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 56.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.6%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports	$1.94 billion f.o.b. (2000)	$1.5 million f.o.b. (FY91/92)
Exports - commodities	gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds	postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados
Exports - partners	Togo, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, US, France (1998)	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band	three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $39.4 billion (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 36% industry: 25% services: 39% (2000 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,980 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	3% (2001 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	8 00 N, 2 00 W	29 02 S, 167 57 E
Geography - note	Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake	most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated
Highways	total: 38,940 km paved: 9,346 km (including 30 km of expressways) unpaved: 29,594 km (2001)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 30% (1998)	-
Illicit drugs	illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and corruption have made money laundering a problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center	-
Imports	$2.83 billion f.o.b. (2000)	$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)
Imports - commodities	capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs	NA
Imports - partners	UK, Nigeria, US, Germany, Italy, Spain (1998)	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2006)
Independence	6 March 1957 (from UK)	none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate	3.8% (2000 est.)	-
Industries	mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing	tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete
Infant mortality rate	55.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	25% (2001 est.)	-
International organization participation	ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	12 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	110 sq km (1998 est.)	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court	Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions
Labor force	9 million (2000 est.)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.)	agriculture: 10% industry and services: 90%
Land boundaries	total: 2,094 km border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 15.82% permanent crops: 7.47% other: 76.71% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)	English (official), Norfolk - a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
Legal system	based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament (200 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 7 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 100, NDC 92, PNC 3, CPP 1, independents 4	unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 57.06 years male: 55.66 years female: 58.51 years (2002 est.)	total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 64.5% male: 75.9% female: 53.5% (1995 est.)	NA
Location	Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Map references	Africa	Oceania
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,450 GRT/22,097 DWT ships by type: petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 5 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Brazil 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Spain 1 (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$35.2 million (FY01)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.7% (FY01)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 5,045,355 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 2,799,292 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 213,237 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 6 March (1957)	Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856)
Nationality	noun: Ghanaian(s) adjective: Ghanaian	noun: Norfolk Islander(s) adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
Natural hazards	dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts	typhoons (especially May to July)
Natural resources	gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower	fish
Net migration rate	-0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA
People - note	there are 9,500 Liberians, 2,000 Sierra Leoneans, and 1,000 Togolese refugees residing in Ghana (2002)	-
Pipelines	0 km	-
Political parties and leaders	Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	20,244,154 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)	2,114 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	31% (1992 est.)	-
Population growth rate	1.7% (2002 est.)	0.006% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Takoradi, Tema	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001)	AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005)
Radios	12.5 million (2001)	-
Railways	total: 953 km narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge; undergoing major rehabilitation (2001 est.)	-
Religions	indigenous beliefs 21%, Muslim 16%, Christian 63%	Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.2%, none 18.1% (2001 census)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors	general assessment: adequate domestic: free local calls international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station
Telephones - main lines in use	240,000 (2001)	2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular	150,000 (2001)	0; note - proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum (2002)
Television broadcast stations	10 (2001)	1 (local programming station plus 2 repeaters that air Australian programs by satellite) (2005)
Terrain	mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area	volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Total fertility rate	3.69 children born/woman (2002 est.)	NA
Unemployment rate	20% (1997 est.)	-
Waterways	1,293 km note: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways	-

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